Private João
“Private João was an embarrassment to the battalions. He wore a flower on his chest, kept his hands in his pockets, rubbed his nose and couldn’t keep in step. And on top of it all, he would whistle traditional little tunes from his village.” Luísa Ducla Soares created this young soldier while gazing out at the horizon from the Armação de Pera beach in the summer of 1971. Luísa imagined the horror of events on the other side of that vast ocean and what would happen to her nice neighbour, in the shade of the next-door canvas beach shelter, if he were sent to fight in Portugal’s overseas war. Her neighbour was the Neorealist writer João José Cochofel. Luísa borrowed his name for her character and gave him humble origins to point out the cruel separation in the 1960s and 70s of thousands of young men torn from their villages and families. With a startled but trusting look in their eyes, these young men became cannon fodder in a bloody colonial war. In 1972, when Luísa tried to publish O Soldado João in the children’s section of Diário Popular, the censors zealously scratched out with blue ink the entire text. But Luísa published it as a book the following year. It was the first of six in the Cor Infantil collection that Estúdios Cor brought out, under the guidance of José Saramago, and had copious illustrations in small 20-page booklets with unusual cardboard covers and cut edges. José Manuel Mendes, Zé Manel, illustrated O Soldado João. At the same time, he also did full-page illustrations of lovely girls for the Anedotas section of the army’s monthly entertainment Jornal do Exército paper in an ironical “Make love, not war” appeal to soldiers fighting in Guinea, Mozambique and Angola. The life of an ordinary soldier in a real war emerges in Private João’s make-believe war and the clear similarities between a hawkish officer in the story and Spínola, the popular monocled general who played an important role in Portugal’s transition from dictatorship to democracy. Zé Manel possesses one of the most elegant drawing styles in the history of Portuguese visual arts and works with equal ease in comic strips, cartoons, caricatures and illustrations. Highly skilled as an anatomist and animalist, he drew an assortment of animals for children’s books and magazines. The creatures’ expressiveness may show its age but never yielded to mainstream Disney-like cartoons. 35 years after being demobilised, Private João returns to the army, but without Zé Manel, in five re-editions that the Civilização publishers brought out in 2008 and 2011. Gone now is the warmongering elegance of an operetta and its comic eccentricity, but the text is the same, a reminder of the relentless absurdity of war and an invitation to fight in a production war very pertinent to our times: “Private John took seven days to walk to his village and now hoes the land, irrigates carnations and sows cabbages and basil.”
Filed under: Zé Manel, O soldado João, Zé Manel